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Texas Non-Subscriber Work Injury Claims

Texas is the only state where employers can opt out of workers' compensation. When a non-subscriber employer's negligence injures a worker, the worker can sue directly — and the employer loses its three traditional defenses: contributory negligence, assumption of risk, and the fellow-servant rule. The injured worker only has to prove the employer was negligent.

Last reviewed: June 5, 2026

Texas alone lets private employers opt out of workers’ compensation. For injured workers, that opt-out cuts both ways — no automatic benefits, but a direct path to sue.

Non-subscribers lose their defenses

Under Tex. Labor Code 406.002, workers’ compensation is elective. An employer that opts out is a non-subscriber. If a non-subscriber’s negligence injures a worker, the worker can sue in court, and the employer is stripped of its three common-law defenses:

  • contributory negligence;
  • assumption of the risk; and
  • the fellow-servant rule.

That means even a worker who was partly careless can recover, as long as the employer’s negligence caused the injury.

What the worker must prove

The worker still has to prove the employer was negligent — an unsafe condition, inadequate training, missing safeguards, or similar fault. Damages in a non-subscriber suit are not capped the way workers’ comp benefits are limited.

Whether your employer is a subscriber or non-subscriber changes the entire strategy. A Texas injury lawyer confirms the employer’s status and pursues the right claim.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I sue my employer for a work injury in Texas?
If your employer is a non-subscriber — meaning it opted out of workers' compensation — yes. You can sue directly for negligence, and the employer cannot use contributory negligence, assumption of risk, or the fellow-servant defense against you. You must still prove the employer was negligent.
Is workers' compensation required in Texas?
No. Under Tex. Labor Code 406.002, Texas is the only state where private employers can choose not to carry workers' compensation. Employers that opt out are called non-subscribers.

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